Qeexitaannada biodegradable iyo compostable mararka qaarkood waa wareer. Farsamo ahaan, labada fikradoodba waxay qeexayaan hababka bayoolojiga, laakiin inta badan ereyadan waxaa loo adeegsadaa si is beddel ah.

Sannadihii u dambeeyay, waxa jiray isbeddel ku yimi warshadaha baakadaha si ay u isticmaalaan agabka noolaha ah halkii ay ka isticmaali lahaayeen balaastikada caadiga ah sida polyetylen iyo polypropylene si loo yareeyo soo saarista qashinka baakadaha. Xaaladdan oo kale, qaar ka mid ah bioplastics iyo walxaha cellulosic ayaa la isticmaalaa.

Bioplastics-ku waxay ka kooban yihiin koox walxo ka duwan balaastigga caadiga ah inay yihiin kuwo noole ku salaysan, noolayn karo, ama labadaba.

Xaqiiqda ah in maaddada ama alaabtu ay tahay mid noole ku salaysan waxay la macno tahay in laga soo qaatay agab dib loo cusboonaysiin karo. polymers-ka noolaha guud ahaan waxa loo qaybiyaa saddex qaybood:

• Polymers waxay si toos ah uga soo jeedaan bayomass
• Polymers oo laga sameeyay monomers laga soo qaatay nooleyaal
• Polymers-ka ay soo saaraan noolaha

Kooxda koowaad ee bioopolymers waxaa ka mid ah kuwa ku salaysan polysaccharides (starch, cellulose) iyo borotiinada (gluten sarreen, borotiin soy, jelatin). Kooxda labaad waxaa ka mid ah, tusaale ahaan, polylactic acid (PLA) oo laga soo saaro lactic acid oo laga helay halsano ee sonkorta sonkorta, biopolyethylene oo ka soo polymerization ee ethylene oo laga soo saaro bioethanol, iyo bio-polyurethanes oo ka kooban polyols dhirta ku salaysan. Kooxda saddexaad waa biopolymers ay si toos ah u soo saaraan noolaha sida polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA).

Erayga biodegradable wuxuu qeexayaa hannaan kiimikaad kaas oo noole-yareyaasha deegaanka ay u beddelaan walxaha walxo dabiici ah sida biyo, kaarboon laba ogsaydh iyo bayomass. Waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo warbaahin ah oo loogu talagalay nabaad-guurka alaabta, sida ciidda, biyaha, deegaanka badda, dhirta dheefshiidka, unugyada composting-ka guriga iyo dhirta composting warshadaha.

Marka laga hadlayo qashinka baakadaha, bacdu waa xal wax ku ool ah oo dib u soo kabashada baakadaha la isticmaalayo iyadoo la isticmaalayo agabkan buuxinaya shuruudaha qaarkood, yaraynta baahida ugu dambaysa ee la tuuro. Walxaha ama badeecada loo tixgaliyo inay yihiin kuwo naafaysan, waa in ay hoos u dhigaan hababka bayooloji si ay u helaan kaarboon laba ogsaydh, biyo, xeryahooda aan noolaha lahayn iyo bayoolajiga inta lagu guda jiro curinta waana in aanay ka tagin hadhaaga sunta ah.

Waa in la ogaadaa in dhammaan walxaha la burburin karo ay yihiin kuwo noolaha, laakiin ma aha dhammaan walxaha la burburin karo.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, hababka caadiga ah ayaa la sameeyay si loo qiimeeyo ku habboonaanta walaxda soo kabashada noolaha iyadoo la diyaarinayo. Halbeegga EN 13432 waa mid ka mid ah halbeegyada ugu caansan ee qeexaya habka iyo shuruudaha lagu go'aaminayo walxaha la isku qurxiyo.

Ururkayagu wuxuu bixiyaa adeegyo shahaado oo aad u kala duwan oo loogu talagalay ganacsiyada qaybaha kala duwan waxayna fulisaa imtixaannada, falanqaynta, xakamaynta iyo qiimaynta lagama maarmaanka ah ee qaabkan dhexdiisa. Shaqooyinkan, had iyo jeer waxay raacdaa halbeegyada gudaha iyo dibedda, xeerarka sharciga ee lagu dabaqi karo iyo dhaqamada guud ee la aqbalay. Qaab-dhismeedkan, waxa uu sidoo kale bixiyaa shahaado compost iyo C-Label (Compost Summada) adeegyada calaamadaynta compost ganacsiyada soo codsada.