Among the various elements required by microorganism decomposition, the ratio of carbon and nitrogen is the most important. The carbon nitrogen ratio is related to the compost temperature. 

If the material ratio is high, that is, the carbon is more and the nitrogen element is relatively deficient, the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms will be limited, the degradation rate of organics will slow down, and the fermentation process will be long. In this way, the high carbon-nitrogen ratio of the feedstock will easily lead to the high rate of finished compost, which will degrade the nitrogen in the soil, causing the soil to become nitrogen starved, and then affect the plant growth. 

However, if the carbon-nitrogen ratio is too low, especially less than 20:1, the carbon elements suitable for consumption are missing, while the nitrogen element is relative excess. This turns the nitrogen of the materials into ammonia nitrogen to volatilize, resulting in reduced fertilizer efficiency due to too much nitrogen loss. 

Therefore, the composting carbon nitrogen ratio should meet the best ratio (25-35: 1) required by the microorganism, to ensure that the organic decomposition is microorganism nutrient balanced.

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